engleski

The polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor gene and cancer risk

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors and have important role in pathogen recognition including activation of innate and acquired immune responses. They are mainly expressed in epithelium but have also been found in cancer cells, where they can have pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic effect. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may change protein structure and influence receptor function. Polymorphisms in TLR genes have been linked with various cancer types and reports were often contradictory. The strongest association with increased cancer risk was found for TLR2 polymorphism -196 to -174 del (Δ22) (gastric, gallbladder and cervical cancer) and TLR4 polymorphisms rs4986790 (gastrointestinal cancers and lymphoma) and rs4986791 (gastrointestinal cancers, nasopharyngeal and gallbladder cancer). Other polymorphisms associated with cancer risk include TLR10-TLR1-TLR6 gene cluster polymorphisms rs10008492 (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) and rs7696175 (breast cancer), TLR6 rs5743815 (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), TLR10 rs11466657 (meningioma), TLR2 GT microsatellite repeat number polymorphism (colorectal cancer) and rs3804100 (MALT lymphoma), TLR3 829A>C (nasopharyngeal cancer), TLR4 11350G>C (nasopharyngeal cancer), rs1927911 and rs10759931 (prostate cancer), TLR5 rs5744174 (gastric cancer) and TLR9 rs5743836 (Hodgkin's lymphoma) and rs352140 (Hodgkin's lymphoma and cervical cancer). Discrepancies in results of different studies regarding TLR polymorphisms and cancer risk may have arissen due to insufficient sample size, differences in ethnicity or age, undetected infections or other environmental factors.

Toll-like receptor ; polymorphism ; cancer ; immune response ; inflammation

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