engleski

Transfer of LNG cargo at intermediate locations

The main objective of this paper is to carry out an analysis of LNG cargo transfer at intermediate locations. Two different ship designs are used for the analysis. In ship-to-ship transfer concept (STS), cargo transfer is performed side-by-side providing a relatively easy and to some extent proven alternative of cargo transfer between two different types/designs of LNG carriers. Shuttle ships should be dimensioned so as to be able to feed the transportation programme, and specifically equipped for ship-to-ship operations. Specially designed cargo equipment on one of the ships could use proven techniques to produce ongoing results on ordinary sized transfer lines. Such an arrangement, e.g. four loading arms, one of which is used for vapour, would represent a considerable investment onboard any ship. Typically, such arms would still be exposed to the relatively high heat transfer through their non-insulated parts as the liquid flows. One of the economic shortcomings is the loss of cargo during the cargo transfer due to an increased boil-off and flash gas. There are no published figures available regarding the cargo loss, but it is assumed to be excessive.

transport; LNG cargo tranfer; ship-to-ship; cargo equipment

nije evidentirano