engleski

Pharmacogenomics And Personalized Medicine

Two interwoven processes, human genome sequencing and the development of new technologies using DNA as an analytical sample and as a reagent have resulted in the genetic revolution in different fields of medicine, such as the field of medical therapy leading to personalized medicine through pharmacogenetics approach. Pharmacogenetics is a newer branch of pharmacological sciences studying the relationship between genetic predisposition of an individual and his ability to metabolize a drug. It helps understand why some individuals respond to drugs and others do not, why some individuals require higher or lower doses to achieve an optimal therapeutic response, and tries to help the physician identify those patients who will respond favorably to therapy or develop side effects. Systematic studies involving review of published literature indicate that adverse drug reactions (ADR) are prevalent and associated with costly hospitalizations. Individual variation in response to drug ranges from failure to respond to drug reactions and drug to drug interactions when several drugs are taken simultaneously. The clinical consequences range from patient's discomfort through serious clinical illness to the occasional fatality. Approximately 7% of patients are affected by adverse drug reactions, increasing the overall hospital costs by 1.9% and drug costs by 15%. Some 0.3% of adverse drug reactions have fatal outcomes. Among other influences, such as physiological, pathophysiological and lifestyle factors, the intraindividual genetic variability has a major impact on drug activity.

Pharmacogenomics; Personalized Medicine; Molecular Diagnostic Methods

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