engleski

ASSESSMENT OF NITROFURANTOIN AS ECOTOXICANT

Antibiotic nitrofurantoin (NF) and its derivatives are used in veterinary and human medicine. The impact of NF on the aquatic environment is largely unknown and its ecotoxicity is still under investigation due to confl icting opinions on its use. Increasing evidence suggests that NF can cause various adverse effects in living cells. In this investigation, we used three different fi sh cell lines (PAC2, PLHC-1, R1) to evaluate cytotoxicity of NF towards fi sh. PAC2 cells were shown to be the most sensitive to NF in an MTT colorimetric assay, exhibiting an EC50 of 15 μmol L-1 (3.57 mg L-1) NF. Furthermore, we determined DNA damage and apoptosis in PAC2 cell line depending on the concentration and duration of treatment. We also determined growth inhibition of unicellular algae Scenedesmus subspicatus and mutagenic action towards Salmonella strains (TA98 and TA100) using classic Ames test. A signifi cant decrease in the growth of unicellular algae after 24 h exposure to NF (1 μmol L-1, 10 μmol L-1, 30 μmol L-1, 100 μmol L-1, 200 μmol L-1) was observed. Mutagenicity test responses revealed a large number of revertants following exposure to NF. These results indicate a substantial risk of exposure to NF for the health of aquatic ecosystems

antibiotic; aquatic environment; cytotoxicity; genotoxicity; growth inhibition

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