engleski

Morphometric analysis in hematologic cytology

Computerized image analysis allows the numerical objectification of most suptile, often not promptly noticeable changes in cells. By using digital morphometry, changes in cells reduce the impact of the objective assessment on the cytological diagnosis and thus enhance the reproducibility and objectivity of the differentiation. Using digital images it allows measurement of diverse parameters in many structures. Therefore, the analysis is less expensive and it is carried out faster and more precise. In human cytology and histology morphometric parameters are used in comparison of normal cells in different physiological conditions as well as for reliable differentiation between malignant and benign cells of different tumors and also in comparison cells of primary and metastatic tumors. In veterinary medicine, blood cell characteristics between different animal species and in different physiological conditions were analyzed. Although erythrocytes of different bird species have the identical characteristics of cells with a nucleus, they differ significantly in size and shape within each species which is easily to distinguish by objectivising morphometric parameters (area, convex area, outline, maximum and minimum radius, length and breadth, as well as form factor and elongation factor). Our results showed that large birds, such as ostriches, have the largest cells with relatively small nuclei in comparison to other species which can be seen in smaller nucleo-cytoplasmic proportion, their nuclei are more extended and more unsymmetrical. Turkey erythrocytes are second in area, outline and convexity but with smaller nuclei area that are more extended. Hen erythrocytes are the smallest but with relatively largest nuclei in comparison to the cytoplasm as well as they are the most rounded and most symmetrical. Duck erythrocyte characteristics are somewhere between the other three more clearly defined species. The differences were also recognized regarding the gender in New Zealand white rabbits. The results showed that erythrocytes of females had a larger area, greater maximal and minimal radius, greater convex area and greater length and cell elongation factor than the erythrocytes of males. Very interesting results were obtained by morphometric analyze of lymphatic cells in the peripheral blood during different methods of vaccination. The results showed that the peripheral blood lymphocytes of chickens vaccinated by means of nebulisation compared to those parenteraly vaccinated were significantly larger in most examinated variables: area, outline, minimal and maximal radius, convex area, length and breadth and form-factor as well as the elongation factor of the cell as a whole (regarding lymphocyte cytoplasm) and nuclei, after vaccination, indicating the significantly higher metabolic activity of cells. In the lymphocytes of parenteraly vaccinated chickens, only the nucleo- cytoplasmic ratio was higher, indicating lower metabolic activity. Morphometric analysis of normal erythrocytes can be the basis for elaboration of reference values for each animal species. Such numerical reference values would provide more quality standard for determination of aberrations in physiological and pathological conditions as well as more precise starting premise in diagnostics of hematological disturbances and diseases in birds. Furthermore, morphometric characteristics of immunocompetent cell transformation can be used to evaluate immune responses to vaccination and vaccine efficacy.

cell morphometry; different bird species; New Zealand white rabbits; nebulization and parenteral vaccination

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