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HMGA2 expression in non-neoplastic thyroid lesions and thyroid papillary carcinoma by quantitative real-time RT-PCR

Aim: To determine and compare HMGA2 expression in non-neoplastic thyroid lesions and thyroid papillary carcinoma in fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (QRT-PCR). Material and methods: QRT-PCR for HMGA2 expression was performed on RNA isolated from aspirates obtained by ultrasound guided FNA from 70 patients with papillary carcinoma, Hashimoto thyroiditis and nodular goitre. HMGA2 expression was quantified by Ct method using pooled FNA samples from normal thyroid tissue as calibrator. Results of QRT-PCR analysis were evaluated against the definitive FNA diagnosis. Results: With a cut-off value of 6.42 determined by ROC curve analysis 12 out of 12 (100%) papillary carcinoma, 0 out of 16 (0%) Hashimoto thyroiditis and 9 out of 42 (21%) nodular goitre samples were positive for HMGA2 expression. HMGA2 expression has shown sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 84.5% in discriminating between samples with papillary carcinoma and non-neoplastic thyroid lesions. Proportion of HMGA2 positive samples was significantly higher in samples with papillary carcinoma compared to samples with non-neoplastic lesions (p<0.0001, Fisher’s exact test). There was no significant difference in the proportion of positive samples between Hashimoto thyroiditis and nodular goitre samples. Conclusion: QRT-PCR for HMGA2 expression may be a useful adjunct to conventional thyroid cytology in diagnosis of papillary carcinoma.

Thyroid; Cytology

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