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Yields and yield components of maize and soybean as affected by different tillage methods

At the experimental station of the College of Agriculture at Križevci yield and yield components of maize and soybean grown in rotation under five different methods of tillage were investigated. The applied tillage methods were: 1. Spring ploughing + multi-tiller - variant A ; 2. Spring ploughing + rotary harrow - variant B ; 3. Autumn ploughing + winter furrow closing in winter/spring + rotary harrow - variant C, 4. Autumn ploughing + winter furrow closing + multi-tiller - variant D and 5. Autumn ploughing + winter furrow closing + disc harrowing + multi-tiller - variant E. Maize was grown in 2006 and 2008, and soybean in 2007 and 2009. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different tillage methods on yield and yield components of maize and soybean. The results and the determined number of plants/ha of maize and soybean show that more favorable conditions for germination are in variants where ploughing was performed in the autumn (variants C, D and E). During a four-year study, the minimum number of plants/ha of maize and soybean was found in variant A. The dry season in panicle stage of maize in 2006 has lowered yields compared to 2008, and the drought in 2007 during the seed-filling period reduced the yield and the 1000 kernel weight of soybean compared with 2009 in all variants of tillage methods. The highest grain yield of maize was recorded in variant B. During 2006, with the unfavorable weather conditions, the lowest grain yield of maize was recorded in variant E which included intensive tillage treatment. The highest yield of soybean was found in variant E, but there were no statistically significant differences compared to variants with the reduction of additional tillage interventions (variant B, C and D). Maize grain and soybean seed yield was the lowest in variant A. Considering the achieved yields of maize grain there is a possibility of reducing additional tillage interventions, while for achieving higher yield of soybean seed intensive tillage is recommended.

yield ; tillage ; maize ; soybean ; climatic conditions

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