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Incidence and types of pathological changes in spleens of splenectomized dogs in Republic of Croatia

Spleen is one the most common biopsed internal organ in the dog. Neoplastic changes consist around one half of spleenic lesions, and between one half to two third of these changes are diagnosed as hemangiosarcoma. Most prevalent nonneoplastic causes of spleen enlargements in dogs are hematoma, acquired hemolytic anemias, application of barbiturates, amyloidosis, leishmaniasis and histoplasmosis. The aim of our investigation was to determine incidence and types of splenic lesions in biopsied spleen specimens analysed at Department of Veterinary Pathology in period between January 2009 till December 2011. Histopathological analysis of 32 biopsied dog spleens was performed by a routine H&E technique. Some of the samples of neoplastic spleens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC markers used were factor VII related antigen for differentiation of blood vessel neoplasms (hemangiosarcoma and hemangioma), vimentin for differentiation of mesenchymal tumors, and CD 3 and CD79 for differentiation of T-cell and B-cell lymphomas. A total of 37 lesions were obtained in 32 spleens. The most common dog breeds with splenic lesions were (listed in order of decreasing frequency): mixed, labrador retriever, rottweiler, German shepherd, poodle, viszla, dachshund and other breeds with just single specimen. Splenic lesions were more common in male dogs 22 (69%) than in female 10 (31%). The average age of splenectomized dogs was 10.68 years (between 3 and 15 years). Among the examined splenic lesions, 21 (56.76%) were classified as nonneoplastic and 16 (43.24%) as neoplastic. Most frequent nonneoplastic lesions were hematoma (32.43 %). Two cases of chronic perisplenitis and nodular hyperplasia were diagnosed with incidence of 5.4% for each. Other nontumoral changes as trombosis and infarction, suppurative splenitis, fibrosis, plasmocytosis, extramedular hematopoiesis and hemosiderosis were diagnosed as individual cases. Within neoplastic lesions a total of 8 (21.62%) tumors were hemangiosarcomas. Hemangiomas and lymphomas had an equal incidence of 5.4%. Fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, myelolipoma and myxoma were diagnosed as individual lesions. Analysis of splenic lesions in dogs in Croatia showed that most of the pathological changes in splenectomized spleens are nonneoplastic, most of them being hematomas. Types of lesions, breed and sex distribution are reconcilied with literature data. Hemangiosarcomas consist about one half of neoplastic lesions, with IHC being useful tool for diferrentiation of this tumors from other mesenchymal splenic neoplasia.

spleen; dog; Croatia; neoplasia; hemangiosarcoma

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