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Effects of ph concentrations on germination and development of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seed

This paper presents the results of germination and development of spruce seeds in different pH solutions under laboratory conditions. Ten different pH concentrations were used with 4 repetitions each. Concentration values ranged from pH 1.7 to 6.7. Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and deionized water were used to prepare the solutions. Seed germination and development were tested according to the ISTA Rules. Germination was tested in an illuminated incubator (Snijders model ECD01E, Tilburg, Netherlands). The results provided some fundamental information on seed germination in different pH solutions for spruce and fir species. In addition, very useful information was obtained that will facilitate understanding of natural regeneration, particularly in changing environmental conditions (acid rain, soil acidity, etc.). The threshold pH value for normal seed germination was 2.6. Soil pH values in Croatia range between 2.7 and 8.10, with only 0.38% of soils having pH values lower than 3. Generally, natural pH concentrations of soils are favourable for spruce seed germination.

seed germination; pH – solution; seedling characteristics; Norway spruce Karst.; decayed seeds

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