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Antimicrobial efficacy of a high-power diode laser, photo activated disinfection, conventional and sonic activated irrigation during endodontic therapy

The aim was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of a diode laser irradiation, photo activated disinfection (PAD), conventional and sonic activated irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on Enterococcus faecalis. Root canals of 120 human extracted teeth with single straight canals were prepared with ProTaper files, sterilized, contaminated with an E. faecalis suspension, and incubated for 7 days. They were then randomly distributed into five experimental groups (n=20): G1, diode laser irradiation (2 W, 3x20 sec) ; G2, PAD (100 mW, 60 sec) ; G3, PAD with 3D Endoprobe (100 mW, 60 sec) ; G4, 30-gauge syringe irrigation with NaOCl (60 sec) ; G5, sonic agitation of NaOCl with the EndoActivator system (60 sec). The control group was rinsed with saline solution. The pattern of colonization was visualized by scanning electron microscopy The root canals were sampled by flushing with saline solution at baseline and after the treatments. The number of bacteria in each canal was determined by plate count. The presence and the absence of E. faecalis in root canals was also proven by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There was significant reduction in the bacterial population after all treatments (p<0.001). The PAD, using both laser systems, and the sonic activated NaOCl irrigation were significantly more effective than diode irradiation and single NaOCl irrigation in reducing CFUs (p<0.05). High-power diode laser and single NaOCl irrigation showed equal antibacterial effect (p>0.05).The PAD and EndoActivator system were more successful in reducing the root canal infection than the diode laser and NaOCl syringe irrigation alone.

disinfection; Enterococcus faecalis; laser; root canal; sodium hypochlorite

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