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Phytochemical composition of the essential oil of Prunella grandiflora

Prunella grandiflora (L.) Scholler, Lamiaceae, is a termophilous, European–W–Asiatic perennial herb which has been used traditionally as an external remedy for the treatment of wounds. Although the majority of Lamiaceae species are aromatic, as far as we know there is no report on the essential oil composition of P. grandiflora. Therefore, P. grandiflora essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and MS. Total of 40 volatiles were identified, and two non-terpene compounds dominated in the oil: (E, E)-hepta-2, 4-dienal (17.8%) and phenylacetaldehyde (13.2%). Aliphatic aldehydes and alcohols were abundant in the oil: (E, E)-hepta-2, 4-dienal followed by (E)-hex-2-enal, (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol, (E, E)-hexa-2, 4-dienal and oct-1-en-3-ol. Other abundant chemical group of identified volatile organic compounds constituted of oxygenated monoterpenes that contained ubiquitous essential oil constituents such as linalool (7%), trans-pinocarveol (6.5%), myrtenol (3.8%), terpinen-4-ol (3.2%), menthol (3%) and others. Beside phenylacetaldehyde, two isomers thymol (2.8%) and carvacrol (3.5%) were found among phenylpropane derivatives. Due to presence of oxygenated monoterpenes along with thymol and carvacrol that exhibit well known biological activity (such as antioxidant or antimicrobial) the essential oil could contribute to previously observed therapeutic application of the plant. Only few sesquiterpenes were found: α-copaene, (E)-β-caryophyllene, spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide. Unlike most aromatic plants, monoterpene hydrocarbons were hardly present (low percentages of β-pinene, p-cymene and (Z)-β-ocimene) among P. grandiflora L. volatile compounds. Comparison with constituents of the essential oil from three plants of Prunella (P. vulgaris L., P. asitica Nakai and P. hispida Benth.) revealed major differences.

Prunella grandiflora L. Scholler; essential oil; (E; E)-hepta-2; 4-dienal; phenylacetaldehyde

Objavljeno u: Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii (ISSN 0023-1150) 2013 (2) 314–315.