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Alimentary (intestinal) lymphoma in a dog

Lymphoma (lymphosarcoma, malignant lymphoma) comprises a diverse group of malignancies that develops from lymphoid tissue outside the bone marrow. There are many different forms with marked variability. In dogs and cats by anatomic manifestations can be divided into multicentric, mediastinal, and extranodal alimentary lymphoma. In dogs alimentary lymphoma is rare. In October 2009. the Clinic for Internal Diseases received the labrador retriever dog named "Goldi", 7 years old. The dog occasionally vomits, he’s quieter, and his feces has become more frequent and softer. Blood results were within physiological range. In private veterinarian practice the therapy began and was continued at the clinic, but without improvement. At the time of arrival dog was eating minimally, the stool was formed, but very poor, once it was a little darker. Clinical examination found a tucked abdomen and palpatory empty bowel. Hematological and biochemical parameters showed significant leukocytosis, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglycemia and mild hypocalcemia. Radiologically was suspected of foreign body. Contrasting agent (barium sulfate) was applied, after application of the same into the small intestine distinct wrinkles were seen. The image is similar to finding a linear foreign body (cordon or thread). 24 hours after application of a positive contrast agent, radiological was visible normal passage trough small intestines, and the contrast was present in the descending colon. Diagnostic laparotomy was made but foreign body wasn’t found and along the entire length of the small intestine strong peristalsis is present, especially in the duodenum. Mucosa of the small intestine is hypertrophic and friable. The content of the small intestine is fluid and dark red. Samples were taken from small intestine for histopathologic examination. After surgery dog got worse, inappetence and apathy were strong and the owners decided on euthanasia. Histopathologic examination discovered the diagnosis of alimentary (intestinal) T-cell origin lymphoma. With native x-rays in dogs intestinal lymphoma can be diagnosed by enlargement of the liver, spleen or mesenterial lymph nodes. Radiologically tumors in the abdomen can be diagnosed in approximately 40% of cases. Intestinal lymphoma is sometimes difficult to diagnose due to pathological processes that involve other organs, the presence of peritoneal fluid or diffuse lesions of the intestine. Contrast radiography may be useful for the estimation of gastroenteritis, obstruction, tumor localization or presentation of parts of the gastrointestinal tract that are difficult to display on the ultrasound due to accumulation of gas. We can show contrasting defective filling in 50% of dogs with gastrointestinal neoplasia. In this case it wasn’t possible to suspect on the alimentary lymphoma. Contrasting image showed an image like the one of a linear foreign body and because of that diagnostic laparotomy was necessary.

alimentary (intestinal) lymphoma ; radiology diagnostic ; dog

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