engleski

Justification Logic in Bošković's Induction

We analyze Bošković’s theory of induction primarily on the basis of the texts in De continuitatis lege (1754, nr. 134-135), De lumine (1848, nr. 27-30), in Bošković’s annotations and supplements in B. Stay, Philosophiae recentioris... libri decem, vol. 1 (1755), and in Theoria philosophiae naturalis (1763, nr. 40-41). We show that “Bošković’s induction” includes as its components generalized induction, abduction and deductive reasoning. The analysis is carried out primarily from the standpoint of the contemporary justification logic (originating from S. Artemov 1995 and M. Fitting 2004). We establish a typology of justifications (evidences, reasons) in Bošković’s conception of induction, distinguishing between strong evidence, phenomenal (prima fronte) evidence and inductive justification in a narrow sense. These types of justifications are combined together into a unified non-recursive procedure of discovering and confirming new knowledge. We formalize Bošković’s theory of induction extending justification logic by Bošković’s typology of justifications, and adding special justification axioms that describe Bošković’s conditions and restrictions in inductive reasoning and extend logic to a second- order theory.

induction; Bošković; justification logic; typology of reasons

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