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Bone morphogenetic proteins and signaling pathway in inflammatory bowel disease

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a large group of structurally related proteins that belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily. Along with their primarily osteogenic function their importance in development, proliferation and morphogenesis of a variety of cells and tissues has been shown. In addition, association of BMPs with healing processes of different non-skeletal tissues and organs was also described. Due to their wide-range of effects, they are commonly named “body morphogenetic proteins”. Perturbations in BMPs expression and BMP signaling pathway have been associated with the pathological conditions linked to several human diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The purpose of this review is to consider the importance of BMPs in gut development and hereditary diseases as well as their influence on cellular and molecular events that occur in IBD and fibrogenesis, the most common complication of IBD. Furthermore, we investigate the therapeutical potential of BMPs, especially BMP7 in treatment of IBD. We also explore the possibility of BMP pathway components as putative biomarkers of gut tumor development and progression.

Bone morphogenetic proteins, Smad proteins, Inflammatory bowel disease

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