engleski

Advances in Neurophysiology

During intrauterine period, the fetus gradually begins to perform many vital physiologic functions. Repertoire of fetal functions and activities constantly expands, reflecting the maturation of the fetal central nervous system (CNS). For instance, early embryonic development is characterized by its immobilization, and fetal motility can start only after development of interneuronal and neuromuscular connections. Development of modern imaging methods has demonstrated a full range of fetal movement patterns. The application of the four dimensional (4D) sonography in the examination of fetal facial movements has revealed the existence of diverse facial expressions. Studies about fetal movements have provided us insight into the functional development of the CNS. Recently, a new neurologic scoring system for fetal behavior has been produced. Test is based on prenatal assessment by 4D sonography and published results are promising. Hence, research is continued in several centers worldwide.Attention of scientists also attracts the development of the fetal senses. It is fascinating that the fetus not only hears sounds but also can discriminate between different sounds. It was also found that the fetus has the ability to remember tastes to which it was exposed during the intrauterine period. Further, experts from different fields of science debate about whether the fetus feels pain. However, despite the great interest in conscious experience and memory of pain, unconscious reactions like the secretion of stress hormones and their far-reaching detrimental effect, are probably more dangerous for the development of fetus than terrifying memories. Long-term effects of unfavorable intrauterine environment have been extensively studied and it was showed that some of the most common diseases of the modern society may have their origins in prenatal life. It is clear that normal physiologic development of the fetus enables the necessary initial preconditions for optimal development in the child and adult age.

fetal brain development; fetal behavior; fetal senses

DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2012-1008