engleski

Effect of fusarium head blight on grain yield reduction in wheat

Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Swein) Petch.] is the most important wheat disease in the world. Apart from reducing yields, it also affects grain quality because it produces mycotoxins (deoxynivalenon and zearalenone). Since chemical protection is not effective, breeding for resistance is the best means of control. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of Fusarium head blight on grain yield, 1000-kernel weight and test weight of winter wheat lines. For this purpose, two identical experiments with 25 wheat lines were planted. One was artificially inoculated by spraying a spore suspension of F. graminearum, and the other was under natural conditions. The trials were planted at Botinec in 2007 and 2008. Under natural conditions, infection with fusarium head blight was mild, and average yields of 5325.3 kg/ha and 9453.5 kg ha/ha in 2007 and 2008 were achieved respectively. Under conditions of artificial infection, average yields were lower by 24.0% and 29.3% for 2007 and 2008 respectively (Table 5, Fig. 3, 4, 5). Significant correlation coefficients were obtained between the infection severity and grain yield reduction (r=0.48 and r=0.76). Correlation coefficients were also found between the infection severity and the 1000-kernel weight reduction (r=0.58 and r=0.42) as well as between the infection severity and the reduction in test weight (r=0.70 and r=0.68) in 2007 and 2008 respectively. Fusarium head blight greatly influenced yield reduction, 1000-kernel weight and test weight in more susceptible wheat lines. Some wheat lines, on the contrary, did not show any substantial yield reduction even under severe infection. In the years of testing (2007., 2008.) the high level of resistance to Fusarium head blight in comparison with the sources of resistance in conditions of artificial infection, showed 11 winter wheat lines ( Bc 8-07, Bc 9-07, Bc 4-07, Bc 20-07, Bc 18-07, Bc 5-07, Bc 12-08, Bc 1-08, Bc9-08, Bc 17-08, Bc 18-08) and 5 winter wheat varieties ( Bc Mira, Bc Renata, Bc Lira, Dora, Marina) ( Tables 6, 7).

winter wheat ; fusarium head blight ; infection ; yield ; varieties ; trails

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