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Cellulosic natural fibers – indicators of heavy metals pollution

Plants like cotton, hemp and flax can be: indicators of heavy metals pollution ; used as bioadsorbers or used for processing in textile industry. The importance of their heavy metal content becomes significant in their second stage of usage – when they are coming to direct and prolonged contact with the human skin causing health problems, as well as at the end of their existence – when they are disposed to the environment as waste materials causing environmental pollution. This global picture emphasizes the importance of controlling the metal content in cellulosic natural fibers. Therefore the scope of this work was to investigate the heavy metal content of many different cellulosic fibers in order to estimate if such materials could be used as indicators of pollution. The analytical procedures applied for monitoring of metals were inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) which followed digestion (dry ashing, open-vessel digestion and microwave digestion) and extraction (liquid/solid extraction, ultrasonic extraction and microwave extraction) protocols. All extraction experiments were designed and optimized by Design Expert software. The developed analytical procedures were successfully applied on textile fibers as well as on textile materials. Obtained results have shown that cellulosic natural fibers are very suitable to be applied as indicators of environmental pollution or as bio-adsorbers.

ICP-OES; DX6; ultrasonic assisted extraction; microwave assisted extraction

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