engleski

The influence of HVT FC 126 given by means of nebulization on immunocompetent cell transformation compared to parenteral vaccination

Marek's disease is a common lymphoproliferative disease of chickens, usually characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration of the peripheral nerves and various other organs and tissues including the iris and skin. The group of 70 newly-hatched chicks was vaccinated by means of nebulisation and exposed for 60 seconds to the HVT FC 126 vaccine, while the other group of 70 chicks received the same vaccine by parenteral route (s.c.). The aim of this study was to compare the morphological patterns of the chicken's lymphocytes in their peripheral blood, before and after vaccination, either by means of nebulisation or parenteral injection. Image analysis (area, convex area, outline, maximum and minimum radius, length and breadth, as well as form factor and elongation factor) was performed using Sform software (VAMSTEC, Zagreb, Croatia). A total of 50 blood smears of vaccinated chickens were analysed (20 by means of nebulization and 30 by parenteral injection), with an average of 100 cells per smear. Statistical data analysis was performed by use of the Statistica 7.1. The results showed that the peripheral blood lymphocytes of chickens vaccinated by means of nebulisation comparedto those parenteraly vaccinated were significantly larger in most examinated variables: area, outline, minimal and maximal radius, convex area, length and breadth and form-factor as well as the elongation factor of the cell as a whole (regarding lymphocyte cytoplasm) and nuclei, after vaccination, indicating the significantly higher metabolic activity of cells. In the lymphocytes of parenteraly vaccinated chickens, only the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio was higher, indicating lower metabolic activity. The results show that the morphological patterns of the immunocompetent cell transformation could be used to evaluate immune responses to vaccination and vaccine efficacy. We conclude that nebulisation as a mode of vaccination against Marek’s disease stimulates the transformation of immunocompetent cells much earlier, thus shortening the time of immunosupresion and improving immune response. This is of paramount importance for the practical use of Marek’s disease vaccine.

chickens; Marek’s disease; nebulisation and parenteral vaccination; lymphocyte morphometry

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