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Central composite experimental design and fatty acids profile determination of soybean oil obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction

Response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was applied to optimize the process parameters of supercritical CO2 extraction of soybean oil in the experimental range 11.6- 28.4 MPa, temperature 37-53 °C and during the extraction time of 4.7 h. The statistical analysis showed that the linear term of pressure and extraction time, the quadratics of the pressure, the interaction between pressure and extraction time, as well as the interaction between temperature and pressure had significant effects on the oil yield. The optimal extraction conditions within the experimental range were extraction temperature of 50 °C, pressure of 25 MPa and extraction time of 4 h. The experimental values agreed with those predicted, thus indicating suitability of the model employed and the success of response surface methodology for optimising supercritical CO2 extraction of soybean oil. The chemical composition of soybean oil was analysed by gas chromatography. The main fatty acids were linoleic acid (51.49%), oleic acid (23.60%), palmitic acid (12.68%), stearic acid (5.87%) and linolenic acid (5.34%).

Supercritical CO2 extraction; Soybean oil; Response surface methodology; Fatty acids

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