engleski

Antiphytoviral Activity of the Essential Oil of Endemic Species Teucrium arduini L.

The genus Teucrium (Lamiaceae) is represented by about 300 species in the world and 11 species in Croatia. Teucrium arduini L. is an endemic species within this genus, found in the Mediteranean part of Croatia and also grows only in Bosnia and Hercegovina, Montenegro, Serbia and north Albania (Tutin and Wood, 1972 ; Šilić 1990). Water distilled essential oils from aerial parts of investigation plant have been analysed by GC/FID and GC/MS using VF-5ms capillary column. The total yield of oil was 1.7%, based on dry weight of samples. Thirty two compounds were identified and they represent 95.1% of the total oil. The oil was characterized by a high concentration of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (43.8%) of which β-carypophyllene (19.9%) being the major compound, followed oxygenated sesquiterpene (19.6%) of which caryophyllene-oxide (14.6%) was dominant. Oxygenated monoterpenes constituted 19.1% and monoterpene hydrocarbons 12.6% of the total oil. β-carypophyllene was also identified as the major compound in the oil of T. orientale var. puberulens (21.7%) and T. chamaedrys subsp. lydium (19.7%) (Kucuk et al., 2006), and Teucrium scordium L. (22.8%) (Morteza-Semnani et al., 2007). The essential oils isolated from various species of Teucrium have biological properties such as antimicrobial (Vukovic et al., 2007), antioxidant (Šamec et al., 2010), anti-inflammatory and activity against tumor (Menichini et al., 2009). A search of the literature dealing with antiphytoviral effects of pure essential oils resulted with only a few articles (Bishop 1995 ; Othman and Shoman, 2004). The antiphytoviral activity of the T. arduini essential oil against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Cucumber mosiac virus (CMV) was tested. When the oil was applied on local hosts Chenopodium amaranticolor and Ch. quinoa for two successive days prior inoculation, the number of local lesions was reduced 25% for TMV infection and 22% for CMV infection. The biological activity could be partly explained by the presence of sesquiterpenes, such as caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide.

β-carypophyllene; caryophyllene-oxide; CMV; TMV

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