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Integrating Industrial Ecology into the Print Production Processes

The traditional approach within a company is to regulate the output of harmful materials. However, in the late 1980s a new approach was introduced. Industrial ecology takes the view of the company as an eco-system [Frosch and Gallopoulos, 1989]. Ideally, the waste streams from one process should serve as materials for another process, thereby allowing the company to obtain as much monetary value from its raw materials and processed materials as possible. How does a company begin this process? In general, a company begins this process introducing design for the environment (DFE) as a set of tools and methodologies that can help guide a company to include environmental objectives into their purchasing, design, and manufacturing processes [Allenby, 1994]. The field of intervention of DFE is considered to cover the design of both products and processes. For this reason a distinction is made between 'environmentally conscious product design' and 'environmentally conscious process design' (Zhang et al., 1997).

DFE; print production; industrial ecology

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