engleski

Sinking, losing and underground karst streamflows

Sinking, losing and underground streamflows are typical and relatively frequent karst phenomena. A sinking surface streamflow can be defined as a surface river or stream flowing onto or over karst and which then disappears completely underground through a swallow hole and which may or may not rise again and flow as a resurgent surface river or stream. A losing streamflow can be defined as an open stream or river that loses water as it flows downstream. The level of water in a losing stream is above the water table: in comparison, the level of water in a gaining stream is below the water table. In a losing stream water infiltrates underground, because the water table is below the bottom of the stream channel. Underground or subterranean streamflows are subsurface karst passages with the main characteristics of open rivers or streams. In underground streamflows water flows through caves, caverns, karst conduits and large galleries in karst underground. The paper treats some conceptual aspects of sinking, losing and underground streamflows. Some cases of the special hydrological and hydrogeological behaviour of karst sinking, losing and underground streamflows are explained.

karst, sinking, losing, underground streamflow

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