engleski

UPLC-MS/MS determination of free phenolic acids in small fruit

Phenolic acid are widespreead plant secondary metabolites commonly occur as free acids and their esters, glycosides and bound complexes. They play important roles in plant resistance to pathogens and herbivores, oxidative stress and plant growth regulation. Also, they have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health. In our study we determinated 12 free phenolic acids (protocatechuic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, 3-hydroxybenzoic, gallic, salicylic, chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, 4-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic) using UPLC-MS/MS in six different cultivated and wild small fruit: hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida var. major), European Cornel (Cornus mas), black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L., var. Viking), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus agg.), white grape (Vitis vinifera) and red grape (Vitis vinifera). Phenolic acid have been ascribed to their antioxidant properties, so we also determinated Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) of studied fruit exstracts. In all samples we found protocatechuic acid, while vanillic, syringic, ferulic and sinapic acid we did not find in our samples. The most abudant free phenolic acid was chlorogenic acid in black chokeberry (5555.00±666.19 µmol/g dw) and hawthorn (1621.5±30.64 µmol/g dw), but in blackberry and white and black grape chlorogenic acid was not detected. Caffeic acid was detected only in hawthorn (192.2±9.43 µmol/g dw) and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid only in black chokeberry (38.33±2.36 µmol/g dw). Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) was the highest for hawthorn (808.73±46.02 µmolTrolox/g dw) followed by black chokeberry (443.40± µmolTrolox/g dw). The lowes ORAC value shown white grape (86.09±7.58 µmolTrolox/g dw). The highest antioxidat capacity we found in hawthorn and black chokeberry where we also detected the highest content of chlorogenic acid which might contribute to the prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular disease.

ORAC; phenolic acids; small fruit; UPLC-MS/MS

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