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New results of investigations of Pleistocene locality Marlera I (southern Istria, Croatia) (CROSBI ID 564745)

Prilog sa skupa u zborniku | sažetak izlaganja sa skupa | domaća recenzija

Brajković, Dejana ; Mauch Lenardić, Jadranka ; Pavičić, Ljiljana ; Radović, Siniša ; Oros Sršen, Ankica New results of investigations of Pleistocene locality Marlera I (southern Istria, Croatia) // Knjiga sažetaka, Abstracts book / Horvat, Marija (ur.). Zagreb: Hrvatski geološki institut, 2010. str. 362-363

Podaci o odgovornosti

Brajković, Dejana ; Mauch Lenardić, Jadranka ; Pavičić, Ljiljana ; Radović, Siniša ; Oros Sršen, Ankica

engleski

New results of investigations of Pleistocene locality Marlera I (southern Istria, Croatia)

A fossil cave system at Marlera in southern Istria was opened and partially devastated by quarry working ; preliminary, interdisciplinary investigations of the exposed sediment profiles have already been reported (MAUCH LENARDIĆ, 2005, BRAJKOVIĆ et al., 2005). Based on those results the systematic research of the fossil cave Marlera I, dating to MIS 2/3, was started. The upper part of the sedimentary body has been investigated and described to a relative depth of -320 cm beneath the surface ; the lower part of the sedimentary body has not yet been investigated in detail. The general sedimentary characteristics and taphonomic features of the fossil material indicate accumulation in a relatively accessible subsurface environment, which had to be, at least occasionally, in contact with the surface. Thin layers of coloured clays were located in the central (horizontally and vertically) part of the sedimentary body. They are vertically continuously distributed, while horizontally they have a limited extent. This indicates a persistent and slow water flow. The limited import of material, as well as redeposited Ostracoda shells from nearby Paleogene sediments, several pebbles, iron concretions, and fragments of calcite crystals and flowstone found scattered in the loose, loess-like sediment (10YR6/6), show some fluctuations in sedimentation. Stratigraphic relations are hard to determine because of the large amount of angular and subangular fragments of limestone debris and blocks of weathered limestone bedrock scattered in the sediment. In bedrock niches from the western part of the cave wall, a dark, relatively younger sediment (7.5YR3/2) with an almost humus habitus has been found. Small shards of Neolithic ceramics, Neolithic lithic artifacts, and fish bones, were found exclusively in this dark sediment ; remains of birds and other small vertebrates were less frequent in the dark sediment compared to the rest of the sedimentary body. The morphology of the whole cave system, the locations of communication points between the cave and the surface, the ways of in which fossils accumulated, and relations between Pleistocene and Holocene sediments need still to be determined. In accordance with the characteristics of the deposits, the fossil remains are mechanically and chemically very damaged. Anatomic-taxonomic determination and taphonomic research have been carried out on the fossil remains of large and small vertebrates from the sedimentary complex in the horizontal surface of 11 m2 and a vertical range from -320 (top part), to the excavated depth of -510 cm. Over six thousand (NISP = 6804) fossil remains (bones and teeth) of small vertebrates have been found in Marlera I sediments only during the excavations in 2009. 90.14 % of these finds have been anatomically and taxonomically determined. Most of the fossil remains, excepting teeth, are fragmented. The majority of determined finds are from rodents, including Muridae (less abundant) and Arvicolidae (more numerous) from the taxa Arvicola terrestris, Microtus arvalis, M. ex gr. arvalis/agrestis, M. ex. gr. subterraneus/multiplex, and M. sp. Eulipotyphla (= Insectivora) are represented by 139 finds (mainly Talpa sp., but also Crocidura), and they are the second most abundant group of small animals. Less abundant are skeletal fragments of fish (Pisces), amphibians (anuras, ?Bufo sp.), reptiles (?Lacerta sp.), and bats (Chiroptera). The remains of common/field voles (Microtus ex gr. arvalis/agrestis) are the most abundant arvicolid findings. The determined remains of microvertebrates confirm the previous conclusions (BRAJKOVIĆ et al., 2005, MAUCH LENARDIĆ, 2005, 2007) that during the Late Pleistocene in the vicinity of Marlera I site there prevailed open, grassy habitats of temperate climate. We have analysed thousands of bones and teeth of large mammals (NISP = 3205) and over a hundred bird bones (NISP = 120) from the trial probe and systematic excavations. Results of our analyses of this greatly enlarged large mammal assemblage radiometrically dated to 41 ky BP, confirm the earlier determined mammal faunal association, while the avifaunal association was updated with the following taxa: Falco vespertinus, Limosa limosa, Corvus corone / frugilegus, Carduelis carduelis, Picus cf. canus and family Alaudidae. The supplemented avifaunal assemblage now includes members of the following orders: Anseriformes, Falconiformes, Galliformes, Gruiformes, Charadriiformes, Passeriformes and Coraciiformes. These finds confirm the prevalence of species of temperate and humid climate, while the species of steppe and rocky environment were represented only by a few species. Fragments of digested bones and teeth of ugulates, foxes and birds, as well as various gnawing marks, indicate presence of carnivores. Vulpes vulpes and Panthera spelaea dominate in the assemblage and are the major factor in the accumulation of fossil material. Both taxa are represented by all age categories, from infantile/juvenile to adult and old, suggesting that they denned in the cave. The remains of Canis lupus and Felis silvestris are sporadic throughout the sequence. Of the ungulate remains, the most abundant are those of Dama dama represented by all age categories, followed by numerous infantile individuals of Bos primigenius, and juvenile to old individuals of Cervus elaphus. Only a few remains of roe deer, pig (Sus scrofa) and hare (Lepus europaeus) are scattered in all horizons. Equus caballus is represented by limb parts of adult individuals. The mode of import into the sediment of adult auroch and red deer skeletons with skulls and horns/antler, is quite intriguing. Humanly-modified lithic artifacts are distributed throughout the Pleistocene complex and attest to the presence of Palaeolithic hunters, while cut marks on bones and especially on the bone of a crane (Grus grus) indicate diversity of diet. Cut marks on the medial side of cave lion metapodials are particularly interesting. Systematic research of Marlera is being continued to address the different and complex questions that have appeared.

Pleistocene; macrofauna; microfauna; taphonomy; Marlera I; southern Istria; Croatia

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Podaci o prilogu

362-363.

2010.

objavljeno

Podaci o matičnoj publikaciji

Knjiga sažetaka, Abstracts book

Horvat, Marija

Zagreb: Hrvatski geološki institut

978-953-6907-23-6

Podaci o skupu

4. Hrvatski geološki kongres s međunarodnim sudjelovanjem, 4. Croatian Geological Congress with international participation

poster

14.10.2010-15.10.2010

Šibenik, Hrvatska

Povezanost rada

Geologija