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Speleological explorations and geomorphological properties of deep pits in Croatia

The data about the deepest and longest caves and pits in Croatian part of Dinaric karst with general geomorphological properties were presented. There are 53 pits deeper than 250 m, 15 of them are deeper than 500 m and three deeper than 1000 m. The Mt. Velebit and Mt. Biokovo karst areas are conducive to the formation of deep pits. Explorations of deep pits in Croatia started in 1957 when pit Čudinka (depth 203 m) was explored. In 1975 on cave expedition in pit Puhaljka the depth of 318 m was reached. In pit Ponor Bunovac in 1977 the depth of 534 m was reached making it first pit deeper than 500 m in Croatia. In 80s several deep pits had been explored on Biokovo. Expeditions to pit Lukina jama in National park North Velebit were organised in period 1993-1995. Cave system Lukina jama—Trojama is explored to the depth of 1392 m which made it 9th deepest pit in the world at that time, and is still the deepest cave in Croatia. In 1994 on the depth of 1349 m Zoran Stipetić-Patak and Teo Barišić dived through 57 m long and 6 m deep siphon. In Slovačka jama, 1320 m deep pit on North Velebit, it was explored in period 1995-2002. In Amfora located on Biokovo the exploration lasted in period 1998-2002. In 2003 pit Velebita was discovered in National park North Velebit, where during last years the depth of -1026 m was reached and the exploration still lasts. Velebita is today 3rd deepest Croatian cave. In Velebita, the one of the world’s longest verticals was found with the length of 513 m.

deep pits; speleology; Mt.Velebit; Mt. Biokovo; Croatia

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