engleski

Salt intake in a continental rural part of Croatia - estimated population 24-h urinary sodium excretion using spot urine samples

High salt intake is an important cardiovascular and renal risk factor. Our aim was to determine the relation between salt intake and the metabolic syndrome (MS). In this pilot study, we enrolled 93 randomized adult subjects (age: 46.32 ± 7.38 years) from two outpatient clinics (one urban and one rural). After taking medical history using an extended questionnaire and clinical examination, blood pressure (BP) was measured following the ESH/ESC guidelines using semiautomatic Omron devices. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) were determined. Urine sodium (Nau), potassium and creatinine were determined from a 24h urine sample. The metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria. MS was established in 29/92 subjects (14/29 men and 15/37 women). Beside differences in all components of MS (including BP), significant differences were observed between the MS and non-MS groups in age (p = 0.005) and Nau (235.4 ± 93.3 vs. 192.6 ± 57.2 ; p = 0.032). Differences in age and Nau were present in women, but not in men. In the whole group, significant correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between Nau and BMI, WC, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, total serum cholesterol, and triglycerides (r = 0.32 ; 0.51 ; 0.35 ; 0.53 ; 0.27 ; 0.43, respectively, p < 0.05). In men, we observed correlations between Nau and WC, uric acid, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides (r = 0.44 ; 0.64 ; 0.58 ; 0.48 ; 0.56, respectively ; p < 0.05) while, in women, it was significant for WC and fasting blood glucose (r = 0.44 ; 0.38, respectively ; p < 0.05). Salt intake is higher in patients with MS than in non-MS subjects. The observed correlation between salt intake and components of MS indicates that salt intake and MS go hand in hand. However, salt intake in non- MS subjects was also almost two times higher than recommended. Regardless some observed differences between men and women, lifestyle measures should be more rigorously recommended to the whole population.

Salt Intake; 24-h Urinary Excretion; Hypertension

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