engleski

Evaluation of fumonisin B1, toxicity to carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is one of several mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme , other Fusarium and Alternaria species, and can be found in corn and other crops. It is already well known that FB1 is associated with various animal and human toxicoses and carcinomas, including leucoencephalomalacia, pulmonary oedema, nephrotoxicity, hepatocarcinoma, and oesophageal carcinoma. It has been found that FB1 disrupt sphingolipid metabolism in many types of cells and tissues, including hepatocytes, neurones, and renal cells. Different toxic effects of FB1 were evaluated in many animals (like rat, swine, beef, mink, chicken, non-human primates and other). This study describes pathology and histopathology in FB1 acute toxicosis in one-year-old carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were fed ad libitum with FB1 (0, 0.5, 5 mg/kg of feed) in corn meal pallets during 42 days. Animals were kept in cages located in a fish pond. During the trial we have observed loss of body weight in group fed with 5 mg/kg FB1 (-1.33 kg) and 0.5 mg/kg FB1 (-1.10 kg), and dose-depended higher incidence of dermatological lesions (erythrodermatitis) caused by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. nova. The control group didn’t show any dermatological changes. Pathological changes on both groups were found in parenchymal organs with general haemorrhage in liver, intestinal tract, heart, bulbus artheriosis and brain. Group treated with 5 mg/kg also showed acute peritonitis with haemorrhage, kidney and brain hidropsy. Histolopatological changes were most prominent in the outer medulla of the kidney, with cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cell proliferation also occurred in the liver of high dose treated animals. This results indicate that short-term dietary exposure of carps to FB1 in conc. 0.5 and 5 mg/kg is not lethal to carp, but can produce adverse pathological effects in kidney, liver, gastrointestinal tract and brain with significant influence on conversion of feed and reduction of growth. These results also confirm that primary target organs of FB1 in the carp are kidney, liver and brain. These changes support the concept that FB1-induced mitogenesis may be the mechanism of carcinogenesis. Also, the dermatological lesions in treated carps point at immunosupressive effect of FB1. Together with investigations of other authors experimenting with other species of animals, our findings suggest that most corn products for human and animal nutrition should be analysed routinely for FB1.

fumonisin B1; toxicity; Cyprinus carpioL

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