engleski

Antimycotic Activities of Pimpinella anisum L. Fruit and Essential Oil

Anise consist of the dried, ripe fruits of Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiaceae), an annual plant indigenous to the Levant (Turkey, Egypt) but widely cultivated both in Europe and America. It was cultivated in Germany in the ninth century. Anise fruits yield 1-3% of essential oil, Anisi aetheroleum. Important constituents are: 80-90% trans-anethole, chavicol methyl ether, anisic acid, anise ketone, anisaldehyde etc. Anise fruits and oil are used as expectorant and carminativum especially in pediatry, in cough mixtures and as a flavouring and spice. Anise has mild oestrogenic effects, which explains the use of this plant in folk medicine to increase milk secretion. (1) Antimicrobial activities of essential oils like anise essential oil were investigated by many authors. (2) The antimycotic activities of the fruit ethanolic extract and essential oil of Pimpinella anisum L. were carried out in vitro on different strains of yeasts and dermatophytes. Diffusion method with cilinders ( 6 mm) is used to determine zone of inhibition in inoculated Sabouraud agar with approximately 108 yeast cells or spores of dermatophytes. 60 L of fruit ethanolic extract or essential oil are dropped in holes. After diffusion period on 4C during 1 hour, plates are incubated on 252 C during 48 h for yeasts and 4-7 days for dermatophytes and inhibition zones were measured. Fruit ethanolic extract shows inhibition zones from 10 to 12 mm, for Candida tropicalis 10 mm, C. parapsilosis and C. pseudotropicalis 11 mm and C. albicans 12 mm. Bigger inhibition zones exhibited Microsporum gypseum 23 mm and Trichophyton mentagrophytes 29 mm. On Geotrichum spp. has been noticed growth promotion activity of fruit ethanolic extract. Anise essential oil exhibited inhibition zones: Geotrichum spp. 17 mm, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 18 mm, Toluropsis glabrata 21 mm, Rhodotorula rubra 28 mm, Candida albicans 29 mm and C. parapsilosis 30 mm. Influence of aerosol, which completely inhibit growth of fungi are noticed for C. pseudotropicalis, C. tropicalis and C. krusei. Serial dilution of fruit ethanolic extract or essential oil in Sabouraud broth was performed to evaluate minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The fruit ethanolic extract or essential oil was diluted with Sabuoraud broth to obtain the series of different concentrations. Suspensions of fungi were added to test tubes containing sample and control test medium and MICs were determinated after incubation on 252 C during 48 h and subcultivation on Sabouraud agar. MIC value was assessed as the lowest sample concentration that completely inhibits growth of fungi. S. cerevisiae, Rh. rubra, C. tropicalis, T. glabrata, M. gypseum has MIC at 0.097 %(v/v), C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and T. rubrum at 0.195%(v/v), Geotrichum spp. 1.562%(v/v), T. mentagrophytes 0.781%(v/v). C. albicans exhibited MIC at 60%(v/v) of anise essential oil.

Pimpinella anisum L.; antimycotic activity; essential oil

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