engleski

2-Aminoadipic Acid: The Unsung Hero of Advanced Protein Oxidation

Allysine forms both in the aging lens and collagen but the age-related increase was significant only in the lens. 2-Aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) increases with age in both tissues reaching very high levels in collagen in conditions such as renal disease, sepsis and diabetes. The major surprise, however, was that diabetes did not increase levels in lens. Hyperbaric oxygen in rabbit lenses increased allysine but surprisingly not 2- AAA. In fact it took glutathione depletion to increase both 2-AAA and methionine sulfoxide in lens. In other words, the homeostatic cellular milieu has to be drastically impaired in order for the conversion of allysine to 2-AAA to occur. In contrast, in the extracellular collage-rich milieu in which GSH levels are more than ten times lower than in the lens (the latter being 4-5 mM), any increase in H2O2 or pro-oxidant capable of oxidizing allysine will generate 2-AAA.

allysine; 2-aminoadipic acid; oxidation; carbonyl formation; Maillard reaction

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