hrvatski

Tarsatički principij, kasnoantičko vojno zapovjedništvo

U dijelu stare gradske jezgre grada Rijeke, nalazi se veliki kameni antički luk te značajni ostaci antičkih zidova, većim dijelom uzidanih u novije zgrade. Već su stariji istraživači došli do zaključka kako su Stara vrata i ostaci vidljivih zidova iza njih zapravo dio Pretorije, odnosno pravilno, Principije kasnoantičkog vojnog tabora koji je nadzirao obrambeni zid prema Italiji zvan claustra Alpium Iuliarum. Na inicijativu Grada Rijeke, pokrenut je projekt istraživanja, obnove i oživljavanja prostora nekadašnjeg rimskog vojnog zapovjedništva. Ovaj projekt Grad Rijeka započeo je s Hrvatskim restauratorskim zavodom. Istraživanja Hrvatskog restauratorskog zavoda imala su za cilj sustavno arheološki istražiti ovaj dio Principije te predložiti način konzerviranja i prezentiranja ovog kulturnog dobra. Djelatnici Odjela za kopnenu arheologiju HRZ-a proveli su sustavna arheološka istraživanja na nalazištu Rijeka-Principija u terenskom dijelu u trajanju od 5. lipnja do 4. kolovoza 2007. godine, a stručna i znanstvena obrada nalaza i dokumentacije provodila se daljnjih godinu dana. Istražen prostor se nalazi na Trgu Jurja Klovića, sjeverno od Trga Ivana Koblera i južno od ulice Pod voltun. Ovaj dio grada je prekriven gustim spletom starijih i novijih zgrada višekatnica, a blago se uzdiže od pravca mora prema sjeveru. Zdravicu na kojoj su temeljene zgrade čine žive stijene ispresijecane škrapama i uglavnom klesanjem prilagođene terasastom naseljavanju. Na trgu Jurja Klovića su se do šezdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća nalazile stambene zgrade, koje su bile napuštene te se urušile. Na ruševinama ovih zgrada razvilo se nezakonito smetlište koje je vremenom zatrpalo ostatke zidova. Gradnja stambenih zgrada na ovom mjestu tijekom 400 godina dobrano je oštetila Principiju. Prilikom gradnje moderne zgrade Jadroagenta, sedamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća, teško je devastiran dio ove rimske građevine, posebice činjenicom da je sagrađena izravno na ostacima rimskih zidova. Na trgu je za potrebe gradnje Jadroagenta sazdana velika betonska konstrukcija za dizalicu, ukopani masivni betonski sidrenjaci, probijeni vodovi i betonirani šahtovi te je teže oštećen rimski luk. Usprkos stoljećima "sustavnog" uništavanja ove izvanredne rimske građevine, istraživanja su otkrila i neke vrlo dobro sačuvane dijelove ovog sklopa. In a part of the old town core of Rijeka there is a large Roman stone arch and valuable remains of Roman walls, for the most part built into more recent buildings. Earlier researchers had already reached a conclusion that the Old Gate and the remains of visible walls behind it in fact were part of a praetorium, or more precisely, of the principia of a Late Roman military camp, from where the defensive wall towards Italy, called Claustra Alpium Iuliarum, was controlled. On the initiative of the City of Rijeka, the project of research, restoration and revival of the former Roman military headquarters complex has been launched. The project started in cooperation with the Croatian Conservation Institute (HRZ). The objective of the Croatian Conservation Institute research was to carry out systematic archaeological studies of this part of the principia and suggest the way this piece of cultural heritage should be preserved and presented. Employees of the Department of Land Archaeology of the HRZ carried out field studies on Rijeka-Principia site between 5 June and 4 August 2007, and an expert and scientific analysis of the finds and documentation was done during the following year. The studied area is situated on Juraj Klović square, north of Kobler square and south of Pod voltun street. In that part of the town, old and new multi-storey buildings are densely interwoven and they gradually rise from the sea towards the north. The subsoil on which the buildings were erected was solid rock interrupted by cracks and adapted to terrace settling mainly by hewing. Construction of residential buildings in this place during four hundred years has greatly damaged the principia. Up until the 1960s there were abandoned and ruined residential buildings on Juraj Klović square. An illegal waste dump developed on the ruins of the buildings and in the course of time it covered the remains of the walls. During the construction of the modern building of Jadroagent in the 1970s, a part of the Roman structure was severely damaged because the new building was built directly on the remains of the Roman walls. To serve the needs of building Jadroagent, a large concrete construction for a crane was built on the square, massive concrete anchorages were dug in, wires and concrete manholes were drilled, and the Roman arch was rather badly damaged. Despite the centuries-old 'systematic' devastation of this important Roman structure, studies have shown some very well preserved parts of the complex.

Tarsatika; principij; zapovjedništvo; kasna antika; Rijeka

Prijevod trojezično: hrvatski-engleski ; hrvatski-talijanski