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Tracing the Y chromosome Legacy from south-Asian to Balkan Wastelands and Obliquities: Genetic History and Reality of the Bayash Roma

The Bayash are a branch of Romanian speaking Roma living dispersedly in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. In order to dissect the molecular architecture and origin of the Croatian Bayash paternal gene pool, 151 Bayash Y chromosomes from two Croatian regions were analyzed from 16 SNPs and 17 STRs and compared with different European Romani populations as well as non-Romani majority populations from Europe, Turkey, and South Asia (Martinović Klarić et al. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, DOI:10.1002/ajpa. 20933, 2008). Two main layers of Bayash paternal gene pool were identified_ ancestral (Indian) and recent (European – Balkan). The reduced diversity and expansion signals of H1a patrilineages imply descent from closely related paternal ancestors who could have settled in the Indian subcontinent, possible as early as between the eighth and tenth centuries AD. The recent layer of the Bayash paternal pool is dominated by specific subset of E1b1b1a lineages that are not found in the Balkan majority populations. At least two private mutational events occurred in the Bayash during their migrations from the southern Balkans towards Romania. Additional admixture, evident in the low frequencies of typical European haplogroups ; J2, R1a, R1b1b2, G, and I2a, took place primarily during the early Bayash settlement in the Balkans and the Romani bondage in Romania. Massive sharing of Indian specific H1a lineages signals unambiguously common and Indian origins of two Bayash subpopulations from Croatia. This ancestral signature is a common characteristic found in all European Roma, in fact, the core of “Gypsyness” when paternal genetic heritage is considerd. A significant preservation of ancestral H1a haplotypes in the Bayash and other European Roma is a result of considerable, but variable level of endogamy and isolation over the past several centuries. However, despite the fact that almost one half of the paternal gene pool is shared by two Bayash populations from Croatia, population differentiation is evident both in the Bayash and other European Roma in the distribution of less frequent, but typical European lineages due to different patterns of the early demography history in Europe marked by different intensities and sources of admixture accompanied by genetic drift.

Y chromosome; Bayash; Romani

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