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Direct antitumor activity of honey bee venom in vivo and in vitro

The aim of this study was to examine the antitumour activity of bee venom given intratumourally (it) at different times after tumour cell inoculation and clarification of the mechanism(s) by which bee venom produces antitumor effects. Tumour was a spontaneous transplantable mammary carcinoma (MCa) of CBA mice. Tumour in the footpad was generated by sc injection of 1 x 105 tumour cells. In in vitro studies a primary culture of MCa cells was used. Groups of 7 mice bearing mammary carcinoma were treated with a single injection of bee venom it at dose levels of 6, 12 and 24 mg/kg of body weight at day 7 or 14 after tumour cell inoculation. Effectiveness of bee venom on tumour growth was determined as tumour-growth inhibition rate (TIR%). Bee venom injected it decreased tumour size ; some sort of shrinkage of tumours occurred, and the delay of tumour growth was evident. Survival of bee venom treated mice was prolonged compared to control mice. Bee venom significantly inhibited tumour growth ; TIR of bee venom was dose- and time dependent in vivo and in vitro as well. In summary, this study demonstrates direct cytotoxic effect of bee venom on tumor cells which could be the possible mechanism of tumour growth inhibition. Furthermore it is obvious that more attention should be paid to natural inhibitors of tumour growth such as bee venom and other venoms in testing their antitumor activity for future possible use in clinical practice.

Bee venom; Tumour; Cytotoxic effects; Apoptosis; Necrosis

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