engleski

Challange of high technology introduction in energy conversion within wood processing chain

Izvorna je definicija tehnologije kao sveobuhvatne znanosti o isprepletenosti tehnike, gospodarstva i društva povezivanje tehnike s gospodarstvom i društvom. Pritom tehnika obuhvaća konstrukcijska i tehnička rješenja te njihovu provedbu. Sveza vrhunskih tehnologija odnosno tehnika stvara učinkovitu i okolišno prihvatljivu pretvorbu u lancu gradbeno drvo kao tvar/tvorivo ili gorivo drvo ; drvo je pritom primarni nositelj energije dobiven rušenjem, sječenjem, piljenjem, usitnjavanjem. Pretvorbom u sekundarni energent daje koji oblik energije pogodan u šumarstvu, drvnoindustrijskim pogonima i šire. Energetske tehnologije budućnosti većinom su uvjetovane izborom energenta. Među kriterijima za izbor tehnologije prevladava zahtjev za boljom iskoristivošću gorivoga ciklusa i manjom onečišćenošću okoliša. Utjecaj na okoliš bitan je čimbenik u odluci o izboru i ponajboljoj strukturi budućih energetskih objekata. Dugoročni razvoj energijskoga sustava i pretvorbe energije razumijeva tražnju takvih izvora koji su obnovljivi i koji imaju malu emisiju CO2, SO2 i NOx. Primjenom odgovarajućih tehnologija i tehnika mogućnost dobivanja toplinske energije izgaranjem drva budućnosno je značajno ne samo zato što je drvo obnovljiv izvor energije već i zbog nenarušavanja zatvorenoga ciklusa ugljičnoga dioksida, neznačajne emisije SO2, a sadržaj NOx, CxHy i CO u izgornim plinovima manji je od ovodobno propisanih granica za kotlovska postrojenja. Više od dva milijuna kubnih metara drva hidrotermički se obrađuju, u prvom redu sušenjem. Pritom se ispari oko 350×106 kg vode, za što je potrebno utrošiti oko 11 MJ/kg topline ili ukupno oko milijun MWh topline. Kada bi se sve ostatno drvo pretvorilo u toplinu, ono bi odgovaralo polovini godišnje proizvodnje hrvatskoga dijela nuklearne elektrane Krško. The original definition of technology as the comprehensive science on interaction of engineering, , economy and society implies the connection between engineering on one hand and economy and society on the other. Technology involves construction and technical designs as well as their implementation. The implementation of high technologies provides efficient and environmentally friendly conversion in building timber as matter/material or fuel wood chain. Wood is here the primary energy source obtained by felling, cutting, sawing, chipping of wood or trees, which converted into a secondary energy source acquires the form of energy adequate for forestry, wood processing, etc. Energy technologies of the future are mostly determined by choice of the energy source. One of the most important criteria for the selection of the technology is the requirement for better fire cycle utilization and lower environmental pollution. When making decision on the choice and improvement of the structure of future energy facilities interest is focused on their impact on the environment. Long-term development of the energy system and energy conversion implies seeking renewable energy sources with low CO2, SO2 and NOx emission. The application of the adequate technologies and techniques increases considerably future possibility of getting heating energy by wood combustion. This is so not only because wood is a renewable energy source but owing to inviolability of the closed carbon dioxide cycle, slight SO2 emission and lower content of NOx, CxHy and CO in combustion gases than specified by limiting values for boiler plants. In wood processing, more than two million cubic meters of wood are treated hydro-thermally primarily by means of drying. In the process, about 350×106 kg of water evaporates for which about 11 MJ/kg of heat must be used or all together about 1 million MWh of heat. If all of it were converted to heat it would correspond to half annual production of the Croatian part of Krško nuclear power plant.

high technologies; forest biomass; energy; wood residues

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