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Impacts of oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis Mill.) scrub on the protection of soil from erosion in Croatia (CROSBI ID 548087)

Prilog sa skupa u zborniku | sažetak izlaganja sa skupa | međunarodna recenzija

Topić, Vlado ; Butorac, Lukrecija Impacts of oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis Mill.) scrub on the protection of soil from erosion in Croatia // Anti-erosive and water-protective role of the forest and methods of its preservation and improvement. Zagreb, 2004. str. 5-6

Podaci o odgovornosti

Topić, Vlado ; Butorac, Lukrecija

engleski

Impacts of oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis Mill.) scrub on the protection of soil from erosion in Croatia

Forest vegetation provides the best of soil against accelerated, excessive erosion. In a well preserved and properly managed forest there is no excessive erosion, only normal erosion in which the rate of soil erosion is far below the erosion tolerance. However, a severe degradation of forest ecosystems in the Mediterranean karst area of Croatia considerably diminishes their anti-erosion function. Nearly 60 % of the area is covered with coppice forests, scrub, maquis and bare ground, while high forests account for only 3.7 %. Such an unfavourable structure of the forest fund aggravates erosion processes in this area. Of the entire Mediterranean karst areas in the Republic of Croatia covering 15, 383 km2, about 95 % are affected by varying intensities of water-induced soil erosion, of which 40 % refer to severe erosion. Accordingly, the area is at a high risk of erosion while some of the regions are alredy completely degraded. In this highly vulnerable area with respect to erosion, soil degradation and vegetation devastation, as many as 779 torrents have been recorded with a total watershed amounting to 3, 235 , which makes it one of the largest torrent areas in Croatia. The annual soil loss, or sediment quantites irrevocably lost to the Adriatic Sea, is estimated at 1, 140 hectares with soil layers of 20 cm. Soil, an indispensable natural resource that is paintakingly produced over long periods, makes the issue of its protection the primary concern. With this in mind the Adriatic Culture and Karst Amelioration Institute in Split started scientific research on karst soil erosion and protection in 1964. In 1971, the first experimental plots with mesauring instruments were established in torrent watersheds of the Mediterranean karst. The goal was to obtain original data on essential characteristics of water-induced soil erosion using up-to-date ststionary methods. The plots are at different inclination with varied geological and pedological characteristics and they support a diverse plant cover. The paper presents the results of research into the effects of oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis Mill.) scrub on the protection of soil from rain erosion in the Mediterranean. Research, conducted from 1999 at 2003, involved experimental plots B6 and B7 of oriental hornbeam scrub on the slopes of Moseć at Muć. The plots have an inclination of 26°and are built of cretaceous limestones overlaid with a shallow brown soil (calcocambisol). The plant coverage in the plots ranges from 61.14 % (plot B7) to 65.34 % (plot B6), with the mean heigh of oriental hornbeam reaching 1.59 m and 1.79 m respectively. Since the plots have identical geological, pedological and vegetational characteristics and receive the same amounts and intensities of precipitation, the scrub in plot B6 was cut down on 18 October 2001. Prior to the removal of the scrub, the slightly higher values of surface runoff were recorded in experimental plot B7 with the slightly less cover. After the cutting of the scrub, the mean annual value of the surface runoff was 24.03 mm/m2 in plot B6 with zhe runoff coefficient of 0.019 and soil loss of 0.0072 t/ha. In contrast, the surface runoff in plot B7 with a preserved scrub of oriental hornbeam was 19.53 mm/m2 , with the runoff coefficient of 0.0156 and soil loss of 0.0056 t/ha. The maximal surface runoff coefficient was – 0.075 in experimental plot B6 and – 0.0295 in experimental plot B7. The data illustrate the following: the percentage of surface runoff in experimental plots under the oriental hornbeam scrub on karst is low. Interception, evaporation and infiltration of water in the soil amounts to as much as 98.8 % annually in the scrubs of oriental hornbeam having a cover of 81.14 % and an inclination of 26°.

karst; erosion; experimental plots B6 and B7; oriental hornbeam scrub; precipitation; surface runoff; soil loss.

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Podaci o prilogu

5-6.

2004.

nije evidentirano

objavljeno

Podaci o matičnoj publikaciji

Anti-erosive and water-protective role of the forest and methods of its preservation and improvement

Zagreb:

Podaci o skupu

Anti-erosive and water-protective role of the forest and methods of its preservation and

predavanje

23.11.2004-24.11.2004

Zagreb, Hrvatska

Povezanost rada

Šumarstvo