engleski

Morphometrical features on the dental remains of the subfossil dogs (Canis lupus familliaris) from the archeological site Vučedol (Vukovar, Northeastern Croatia)

A faunal remains considered in this article were recovered from the Bronze Age archeological site Vučedol.Vučedol is situated on the lowland terrain near by the right banks of Danube. 5 km SE from the town Vukovar and it expanded his influence on much larger area about 3 000 BC. It is a "metropolis" which gives a name to the Vučedol Culture. The bone remains were excavated from 1984/85 from different layers on the waste pits on the location called "Vineyard Streim". Three main eneolithic layers represent three main cultures of this area (the Baden Culture 3500-3000 BC; the Kostolac Culture 3 250 BC and the Vučedol Culture 3 000-2 450 BC). We elaborated the 12 bone remains of mandibles (8 left, 4 right), one remain of maxillae whith teeth and remains of 6 isolated teeth. Preservation degree of samples was medium. Almost all oclusal parts of the teeeth crowns showed aboration degree significant for mature individuals. We also determinated MNI (Minimum Numbers of Indivisuals). In comparative analysis as a criteria for separation of subspecies Canis lupus familliaris from species Canis lupus reduction of the first snd the second lower premolares (P1,P2), third lower molar (M3) and hardly ever reduction of the third and the fourth premolares (P3,P4) for the subspecies Canis lupus familiaris were used. Both species can be determinated from the morphology of the tooth crown of the first lower molar (M1). Measures are presented in tabletes (lenght, height of mandible in front of the first lower molar (M1). From measures on the firsr lower molar and series of formulas in a computer program "CARNI" it was possible to estimate a weight of individuals. Determinated dogs weight in Baden and Vučedol Culture was in the span from 14,4 to 17,2 kg.Persentage average of dogs remains in Vučedol and to other similar archeological sites Ljubljansko Barje (Slovenia) and Vinkovci (Croatia) have shown the span from 1,5% in Vučedol to 2,5% in Vinkovci. Morphometrical characteristic of dental remains have shown that this remains was rather homogenous population of medium and smaller dogs with no significant aberations. The frequency of such findings does not suggest significant culture shifs: thus the larger number of dogs on site can be attributed to local conditions. The dogs may have occasionally served as food, but they were primarly used as watchdogs, sheepdigs and hunting dogs.

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nije evidentirano