engleski

Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of spike abnormality in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) cv. Pitoma

In offspring of 4500 selected spikes (breeder's seed) in bread wheat cv. Pitoma, 17 sterile and deformed spikes were found. They were divided into three groups, basically by their phenotypic characteristics. For the purpose of detection causes of such phenomena, the cytogenetic analysis of seedlings obtained from seeds of atypical spikes has carried out. The cytogenetic analysis showed a decrease of mitotic index (MI) in Group I and Group II of atypical skies (17.5 and 61.9 % respectively) and increase of MI (14, 5 %) in the third group of atypical spikes. The frequency of chromosmal aberrations ranged from 0.5 % (in Group III) to 7.3 % (in Group II). The chromosomal bridges were the most represented types of chromosomal aberrations in all three groups. Possible connections between the observed spikes abnormalities and influence of herbicide Dicuran (79.25 % of chlortoluron) could be predicted in consideration of the type and frequency of chromosomal aberrations.

Triticum aestivum; bread wheat; spike sterility; phenotypic abnormalities; mitotic index; chromosomal aberrations; herbicides; chlortoluron

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