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Spermal and seminal LDH-C4 in varicocele and nonvaricocele patients

Varicocele is well recognized as a common diagnosis in male infertility. It is not clear what is the sequence of events leading to oligo-and/or astenozoospermia. Considering it an indicator of quantity of spermatogenesis, but also of sprm integrity, we investigated LDH-C4 isoenzyme in 159 infertile men (87 with, 72 without varicocele). We measured isoenzyme activity in sperm and seminal plasma compartment, and in seminal plasma also its relative percentage in seminal plasma. We followed 4 Sperm density groups )below 20, 20-40, 40-60, above 60 millions spermatozoa/ml) longitudinally for varicocele and nonvaricocele and cross-compared them. There are many results, they are controversial, and here are some of them. In trhe lower Sperm density groups varicocele is significantly different from nonvaricocele for its higher seminal LDH-C4/ sperm density ratio (p=0.03), and higher Seminal LDH-C4 (p=0.01) indirectly indicating higher spermal LDH-C4 isoenzyme content and greater effluxx into seminal plasma. Such oligozoospermia could be predominantly the result of hypospermsatogenesis producing many immature spermatozoa with cytoplasmic droplets and immature germ cells containing LDH-C4. In the higher Sperm density groups varicocele has much higher total seminal LDH-C4 than in oligozoospermic group (p=0.0001) and lower spermal LDH C4 content (p=0.076). Nonvaricocele has similar seminal LDH-C4 content, but in relation to lower sperm density gro0ups shows less convincing spermal LDH-C4 decrease. Lower intraspermal LDH-C4 content could be an indicator of spwerm membrane damagenand more intensive isoenzyme leakage. This is not enaugh to seriously lower sperm density, but it might impair sperm function and cause asthenozoospermia, another property of varicocele besides oligozoospermia.

LDH-C4; spermal; seminal; varicocele; nonvaricocele; infertile men

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