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Distorted Saturated Hydrocarbons: Molecules with Inverted Carbon Atoms

The tetrahedral geometry at a saturated carbon atom has been known as the only possible geometry for almost a century. However, in the late 1960s theoretical predictions and some experimental result suggested other possibilities such as planar, pyramidal or even inverted geometry at the carbon. The interest in nontetrahedral saturated carbon atoms has been growing very rapidly. Nontetrahedral geometries at a tetravalent carbon atom are defined by the four interatomic vectora emanating from the saturated carbons. Deformation of the conventional tetrahedral arrangement via an umbrella motion leads to the inverted geometry in wich all of the four substituents lie in the same hemisphere.

Small-ring propelanes ; Propellane, Inverted carbon atoms

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