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Breeding Soybean for Improved Oil Quantity and Quality

Soybean is the leading oil crop in the world, accounting for 60% of all oilseeds produced and 35% of the total supply of all vegetable oils. The genetic improvement of soybean germplasm, based on conventional breeding strategies, contributes to advances in production and food processing industry by developing high-yielding and high-quality soybean cultivars, hereby enhancing value-added, healthy and safe properties of final soy products. Therefore, genetic improvement of cultivars could be characterized as an integral part of sustainable food production. This study was aimed to evaluate genetic advance in oil quantity in seed of the recently soybean elite lines developed at the Agricultural Institute Osijek (Croatia) over field tests from 2002 to 2004 year in Osijek as well as to determine triacylglycerols (TAGs)in oil of the most promising OS soybean lines. Biometrical analysis indicated on genetic diversity as well as realized genetic advance in oil quantity in grain of domestic soybean germplasm. Analysis of TAGs showed that in oil of the best OS soybean lines, the greatest portion have: LLL (19.3%), LLO (16.3%), LLP (13.5%) and LOP (12.15%), medium portion (6.6-9.3%) have: LOO, OOO, LnLL, and low portion (<4.0%) have: LnLnL, PLnL, LPP, LOS, OOP, POP and OOS. Genetic variability was significant for each analyzed TAG profile. The results of this study will enable to develop strategies for breeding domestic soybean germplasm improved oil quantity and quality, what will contribute to production of safe product high nutritive and functional value for consumers.

soybean; breeding; oil quantity; triacylglycerols; genetic improvement

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