engleski

Free and Bound Volatiles of Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.)

Volatile fractions of rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) flowers and leaves with green beans were isolated by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus from fresh plant material prior and after autolysis and from dried plant material. All isolates of volatile compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography/gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC/GC-MS). Sulfur and/or nitrogen compounds, fatty acids and esters, aliphatic alcohols and carbonyl compounds and some other compounds in smaller percentages were identified. The main sulfur and/or nitrogen components were glucoerucin degradation volatiles: 4-methylthiobutyl isothiocyanate (9.0 - 81.7 %) and 5-methylthiopentanenitrile (2.4 - 17.7 %). Also, fatty acids and esters were identified as major components such as: decanoic (1.2 - 32.8 %), hexadecanoic acid (2.7 - 22.3 %), dodecanoic (0.6 – 8.7 %), (E, E)-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (6.5 %), tetradecanoic (1.5 – 6.4 %), methyl linolenate (0.4 - 5.1%), methyl hexadecanoate (0.3 - 1.2 %). The O-glycosides of volatile compounds were isolated from fresh plant material of rocket flowers and leaves with green beans. After the enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosides, and analysis by GC and GC-MS, 27 volatile aglycones were identified for the first time. The main aglycones were: 2-phenylethyl alcohol (23.4 - 62.8 %), methyl vanillate (5.4-12.4%), benzyl alcohol (5.4 - 8.6 %), eugenol (1.2 - 7.5 %), p-anisyl alcohol (0.4-4.6%), 3-oxo-α -ionol (0.4-3.2 %), 4-oxo-β -ionol (3.2 %), o-methoxy phenol (1.1 - 2.8 %), phenol (0.3 - 2.8 %) and trans-carveol (0.2 – 2.3 %). When compared, only (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 2-methylbutanoic acid and 2-phenylacetaldehyde were present in volatiles obtained by hydrodistillation and the volatile O-aglycone fractions.

Eruca sativa (Mill.); rocket; Brassicaceae; glucosinolates; isothiocyanates; glycosydically bound volatiles; GC-MS

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