engleski

Effects of soil tillage and herbicides on weeds and winter wheat yields

The effects of three tillage systems and the post-emergence chemical weed control of annual broad-leaved weeds in winter wheat were studied on lessive pseudogley soil in north-eastern Croatia from 2001 to 2006. Total weed biomass on untreated plots was the lowest in continuous mouldborad ploughing (498 kg ha-1), medium in chisel ploughing (909 kg ha-1) and highest in continuous disk harrowing (1873 kg ha-1) with statistically significant differences (P < 0.01). The most abundant weeds were annual broad-leaved species of Matricaria inodora, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Galium aparine, and Stellaria media, which constituted 75, 61 and 41% of total weed biomass in mouldboard-, chisel ploughing and disk harrowing, respectively. Three herbicide mixtures of 5% iodosulfuron - methyl sodium + 15% mefenpyr- diethyl ; 12% fluoroglycofene-ethyl + 6% triasulfuron and 54% 2, 4-D ethylhexyl ester + 0.5% metosulam in low doses provided a successful biomass control of dominant annual broad-leaved weeds (89-100% control). Herbicide treatments gave significantly higher yields than untreated controls with an average yield increasing of 3, 10 and 7% in mouldboard-, chisel ploughing and disk harrowing, respectively. The yields did not differ among herbicide mixtures. Compared to the highest yield with mouldboard ploughing (6.1 t ha-1), average yield depressions with chisel ploughing and disk harrowing were 3 and 5%, respectively.

winter wheat ; soil tillage ; herbicides ; weed density ; weed biomass ; crop yields

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