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The chromosomal abnormalities and static DNA cytometry of hematologic neoplasm in the fine needle aspirates of the lymph nodes

The World Health Organisation classification of the hematologic neoplasms is based on morphology, immunophenotype, genetic analysis and clinical features. Aims: (1) To analyse the quality of the lymphocytic cell cultures which were sampled by the fine needle aspiration of the lymph nodes ; (2) to compare the cytogenetic abnormalities with the cytological diagnosis of neoplastic changes in the lymph nodes ; (3) to quantify the DNA content by the static DNA cytometry accompanied by the automatic picture analyser ; (4) to compare cytogenetic abnormalities with the changes in the DNA content measured by the static DNA cytometry. Methods: We have analysed 15 fine needle aspirates of the lymph nodes: 4 samples Burkitt lymphoma, 2 samples Non-Hodgkin peripheral T-cell type (2/2), 4 samples folicular cell lymphoma, I sample Non- Hodgkin lymphoma B-Iymphoblastic type, 2 samples acute myelogenus leukemia (M3 and M4) and I sample chronic myelogenus leukemia in dedifferentiation. The results have shown that the material was adequate in 85% samples. The cytogenetic abnormalities were analysed by the classical G- bending and FISH method. For the static DNA cytometry, the automatic picture analyser have been used comprising microscope, video camera and computer with SFORM software. Results: The normal karyotype was found in 33% (5/15) of analysed samples: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma peripheral T-cell type (2/2), Non-Hodgkin lymphoma B-lymphoblastic type (1/1) and Burkitt lymphoma (1/4). The specific chromosomal abnormalities common for the particular hematologic neoplasm which corresponded to the cytological diagnosis were found in 66% (10/15) of cases. The secondary complex cytogenetic abnormalities were found as well. In the five samples, 33% (5/15) cytogenetic abnormalities were not found. The results obtained by the static DNA cytometry have shown that the heterogeneity in the DNA amount exists. The> 30% cell percentage in the S + G2M phase or > 30% cell in the> 4 N indicates the rapid disease relapse, short survival or possibly correlates with complex chromosomal abnormalities. The cell culture from the fine needle aspirates of the lymph nodes has proved to be an adequate method for the chromosomal analysis that provides a powerful approach for diagnosing and subclassifying into subgroups with prognostic implication.

Lymph nodes; FNAC; cytogenetic abnormalities; static DNA cytometry

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