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Nicotine and peridontal health of adolescents

Introduction: Cigarette smoking and theirs active ingredient nicotine, is well known and proven risk factor for beginning and progression of periodontal disease. Nicotine, which is transformed in the organism to its active metabolite cotinine, has been found in serum, saliva and gingivocervicular fluid of smokers. It is still not known the exact negative effects it has on periodontal tissue, but is known its immunosuppressive effect. Also nicotine decreases revasculation of hard and soft tissues, decreases oxygen pressure in mouth what allows anaerobic bacteria to grow better and it enhances bacterial adherence on periodontal epithelial cells. Aim of this study was to determine association between cigarette smoking and periodontal health of adolescents, to determine are there any differences in periodontal status among smokers and non-smokers, and define treatment need for both. Materials and methods: Study was carried out on 517 high school students. Data regarding age, gender and smoking habits were taken. Periodontal health was examined with CPI index. Results: There were 34.6% of smokers among high school population, evenly percentage of male (35.8%) and female (37.1%) students. More then half examinees 55.3% smoked 1-10 cigarettes per day (daily), and 38.8% smoked 11-20. Periodontal health differs between smokers and non-smokers. Bleeding after probing was found more frequently among non-smokers, while supergingival calculus was found more among smokers. Consequently non-smokers’ treatment need (TN)was instruction in oral hygiene and correctly teeth brushing method, while smokers’ treatment need was instruction in oral hygiene and teeth brushing method together with initial periodontal therapy. Conclusion: The study has indicated the influence of smoking on periodontal health even in this young age population, therefore it is very important to inform young smokers about the negative consequences of cigarette smoking

nicotine; periodontal health; adolescents

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