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Repetitive DNAs and chromosome evolution in Anemone complex

Anemone is one of the most interesting genera within Ranunculaceae family because of the variation in DNA content, high heterochromatin amount and its variation in distribution, and chromosome polymorphism. Previous results suggest that repetitive DNA abundance and distribution is involved in DNA content variation between members of the genus rather than changes in chromosome number. Our study was focused on characterization of repetitive DNAs and their implication on genome evolution in Anemone complex. Two satellite DNA (stDNA) families (JME and JMH2) and one dispersed family (JMH1), isolated from the Anemone hortensis genome, were analyzed in 11 species of the genus Anemone, 1 species of the genus Hepatica and 4 species of the genus Pulsatilla. JME is considered as intercalary and JMH2 as subtelomeric stDNA. Both stDNAs cover all the heterochromatic regions while the JMH1 repeat family revealed dispersed organization on all A. hortensis chromosomes. JMH1 exhibited partial homology to the Ty3/gypsy-like retroelement. PCR and Southern hybridization data revealed the widespread occurrence of JMH2 in all three investigated genera Anemone, Pulsatilla and Hepatica. JMH1 family was present in the genera Anemone and Hepatica but absent in the genus Pulsatilla. JME family is genus specific, i. e. present only in the 5 of 11 Anemone species examined. Phylogenetic analysis showed JMH1 sequence family to be informative for establishing relationships between species in section Anemone. Obtained phenetic tree was partially in congruence with classification of anemones based on other molecular data. The position of stDNAs on chromosomes was determined in order to get better insight into chromosome evolution within Anemone complex.

Anemone; repetitive DNAs

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