engleski

Achievements in the wheat breeding of the Bc Institute for breedeing and production of field crops - Zagreb in Croatia

Breeding of winter wheat in the Zagreb Bc Institute has a very long tradition. The work on breeding winter wheat was intiated in the then Farm Department in Botinec as early as 1947, under the guidance of Dr. Josip Potočanac, who developed a model of Bc-wheats which is based on increasing number of plants per unit area after the model of Italian wheat varieties combining their traits with the American. With certain changes, this model was accepted by the breeders from the Bc Institute ; Javor, Tomasović, Mlinar. In 1971, the varieties Zlatna Dolina and Sanja were released. That was a great progress in comparison with the varieties developed prior to those. The variety Zlatna Dolina was 15% more yielding in wide production than the leading Italian variety Libellula (Martinić-Jerčić, 1990). After Zlatna Dolina 70 high-yielding wheat varieties (one variety of winter durum wheat), developed by the Bc Institute have been registered. Many of these varieties are accepted by wheat growers both at home anda broad, where 16 varieties have been registered so far (in Italy, Hungary, Czechoslovak Republic, Bulgaria, Slovenia). Breeding of winter wheat is a very complew work. In the Bc Institute, Zagreb it is being done with several programs the basic objective of which is development of semi-dwarf and moderately tall varieties with increased kernel and flour quality. The breeder's team: Javor, Tomasović, Mlinar set an objective to achieve yields of 15 t/ha (12-15 t/ha), because already in 1983 and 1984 yields of 10 t/ha and more of ZG-wheat varieties were produced in wide production to maintain high yield stability breeding for resistance to the most important wheat diseases (black stem rust, powdery mildew, Septoria spp., Fusarium spp.), and to further increase kernels and flour quality. With permanent improvement of our breeding work new varieties have been developed. The new Bc varieties of winter wheat are increasingly grown throughout the country and are regaining significant share in the nation's production. Among them, Sana and Marija are especially distinguished and one might say that they have made their mark in the nation's production. Because of their high yield and improved kernel and flour quality both Sana and Marija satisfy strict criteria of the market. Bc varieties from the latest cycle of breeding that are entering production are the following: Darka, Rina, Davorka, Melita, Sandra, Olga, Sutla, Tina, Rugvica, Patria, Plodna, Mladenka, Pakra, Vitina, Ida. They produce yield well above 8 t/ha of dry grain, while their yielding potential is much higher, i.e. more than 10 t/ha. Certain amount of progress has been made in the latest Bc-varieties and lines in terms of kernel and flour quality. They belong often to quality class I, and some to class II. They exhibit good farinological properties. Extensograph values are also relatively good. Remarkable contribution to the investigation of higher yield per spike was made with the discovery of genes that control branching (Ramifera), fourrowing (Tetrastichon), and normal spike form of Triticum aestivum L. wheat (Rm, Ts and Nr genes) (genotypes with very long spikes - 33 spikelets in a spike) (M. and Svetka Korić, Tomasović). Work on collection of genetic basis for breeding winter durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in the Bc Institute-Zagreb, in Department of Cereal Crops in Botinec, was initiated before 1985. The fact, that a large part of the Republic of Croatia (Istria, Dalmatia) has Mediterranean climate, and that some neighbouring countries with more severe winter than ours, have their own durum wheat varieties, we were encouraged to start developing our own durum wheat varieties (lines) for the needs of the Republic of Croatia. More than 2.500 lines and varieties have been collected, part of which have germplasm with good properties for using in breeding projects (winter-hardiness, good spike fertility, low stature, culm strenght, size and position of leaves, better resistance to fungal diseases, vegetation lenght). The following Bc (ZG) TD lines of durum winter wheat with good economic traits have been submitted for registration to the national Committee of the Republic of Croatia: Bc TD 3201/92 and Bc TD 3200/92 (Tomasović, Javor, Sesar). Later, in 1997 year the line Bc TD 3201/92 has released as the first winter durum variety in Croatia under name Primadur.

common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.); durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.); breeding; genetic yielding potential; yield stability; fungal wheat diseases; qualitative traits of kernel and flour

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