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Comparison of Adjuvant-Active Peptidoglycan Monomer to Commercial Adjuvants in Mice

Peptidoglycan monomer (PGM) is a water-soluble, non-toxic and non-pyrogenic substance of bacterial origin, effective in stimulating production of antigen-specific immune response when administered together with the antigen in mice1-4. Here we compare its adjuvanticity to the adjuvanticity of structurally related muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA), the golden standard of adjuvant action. NIH/OlaHsd (H-2q) mice were immunised with ovalbumin alone (control group), or formulated with PGM, MDP or CFA. The quantity of OVA-specific IgGs was measured after the first and the second booster and compared between the groups. Also, the influence of the adjuvants on the immune response direction was monitored. The quantity of OVA-specific IgG1 and OVA-specific IgG2a was determined in each mouse serum. The IgG1/IgG2a ratio was used as a measure of immune response direction that was compared between the experimental groups. Results indicate that PGM shows similar adjuvanticity as MDP, and both of them were significantly weaker adjuvants in comparison to CFA. Also, both PGM and MDP shifted slightly (although not significantly) the immune response towards Th2 direction, in contrast to CFA that significantly lead the immune response towards Th1. The similarities and differences between the three adjuvants used will be discussed. 1Tomašić J et al. Vaccine 2000 ; 18:1236-43. 2Halassy Špoljar B et al. Vaccine 2002 ; 20:3543-50. 3Halassy B et al. Vaccine 2003 ; 21:971-6. 4Halassy B et al. In: Current Studies of Biotechnology, Vol IV – Immuno-Modulatory Drugs. Croatian Society of Biotechnology and Medicinska Naklada, Zagreb, 2005. pp. 137-43

Peptidoglycan monomer; Muramyl dipeptide; Adjuvants; Complete Freund's adjuvant; Mice; Th1/Th2 direction

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