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Do in vitro findings of the bioeffector radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation support in vivo investigation

This study was aimed to approach the non-ionizing radiation (NIR) bioactivity through fundamental in vivo and in vitro investigations. The possibility that exposure to radiofrequency (RF) fields might produce measurable effect at cellular level is an issue of scientific and public concern due to widespread exploitation of different radiation sources, including telecommunications and broadcasting systems, household appliances, and medi-cal devices. The incidence of micronucleated bone marrow cells in vivo and the occurrence of micronuclei in cultured cells in vitro is investigated. Both are used as biological markers of RF exposure. The micronucleus assay was used to investigate the extent of in vivo genetic damage after 2.45 GHz (5-10 mW/cm2, SAR 1.25 W/kg) whole-body exposure of rats. Animals were submitted to thirty irradiation treatments, each lasting two hours. In vivo testing was followed by in vitro approach using continuous cell culture. The micronucleus test was per-formed to determine in vitro the genotoxic potential of 935 MHz, 0.017 mW/cm2, SAR 0.12 W/kg, after 1, 2 and 3 hours of RF exposure. In vivo investigation revealed increased micronucleated cell frequency after 15 irradiation treatments (p<0.05). In vitro experiment demonstrated enhanced micronucleus occurrence in cultured cells after 3 hours of irradiation (p<0.05). Un-der the applied in vivo conditions, low intensity RF irra-diation might be considered a mild nonspecific stressor causing reversible toxicity at the macromolecular level, manifested by intermittent micronucleus formation in the bone marrow cells of rats. The appearance of the micronulei from the in vitro investigation was time-dependent. The findings could be considered rather as an indication of adaptation than of malfunction. Our results show a certain consistency between in vivo and in vitro biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation.

rats; cell culture; 2.45 GHz whole-body exposure; 935 MHz irradiation; micronucleus assay

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