engleski

High vs. low energy breakfast and daily diet in schoolchildren

Current recommendation is to increase the energy content of breakfast, although there is some evidence that do not support this advice. The aim of the study was to compare daily food and nutrient intakes among schoolchildren having high or low energy breakfast. Subjects (n=486) were children and adolescents aged 7-18 years. Food frequency questionnaire was used as a dietary assessment method. Anthropometry included body weight, height and percentage of body fat (Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Food and nutrient intakes were compared between 1st and 4th quartile according to energy intake (kcal)by breakfast. Energy intake by breakfast was 371.3 and 1176.1 kcal in the 1st and the 4th quartile respectively. Average daily energy intake was significantly higher in high breakfast energy group (106.1 vs. 71.0 % RDA, t-test, p<0.05). Fat intake was above 30 % kcal in both groups. Dietary fiber intake was 95.9 % of the age+5 rule in the 4th quartile and 62.1 % in the 1st quartile. Cholesterol intake (mg) was significantly higher in the 4th quartile, but not when calculated per energy units: 129.7 and 111.1 mg/1000 kcal in the 1st and 4th quartile respectively. Vitamin and mineral intakes (% DRI) were in general higher in the high energy breakfast group. Nutrient density for micronutrients (per 1000 kcal) was significantly higher in the 1st quartile for vitamins A, D, E, C, B6, folate and selenium. Negative correlation was observed for percentage of body fat and energy intake by breakfast (kcal) in both groups, but reached significance only in the 4th quartile (r=-0.20 ; p=0.028). In conclusion, this study showed significant differences in daily diet among schoolchildren having high or low energy breakfast where the most of the results do support advice for high energy breakfast.

breakfast; energy intake; diet; RDA; DRI; schoolchildren

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