engleski

An Approach to Solution of the Dark Energy Problem

The recent observations of distant supernovae and CMB fluctuations increasingly imply that a dark energy in the universe is real and its present energy density (&#8486; &#923; , 0) exceeds that of all other forms of matter (&#8486; m, 0) and radiation (&#8486; r, 0) put together. A dark energy has many alternative names (the zero-point field, vacuum energy, quintessence, the cosmological constant &#923; , phantom scalar field and so on). The problem is to explain the real physical source of the dark energy. If we consider that the cosmological constant &#923; presents the dark energy, then we have to have an analytic expression for &#923; in terms of time or other cosmological parameters. This analytical expression of &#923; has been derived and presented in our previous papers (CASYS&#8217; 03, CASYS&#8217; 05), where Lambda is strongly coupled with the universe mass M and radius r. The full form of the Einstein&#8217; s field equation tells us that Lambda should be a constant if the conservation lows are valid for the universe. In that case, the structure of the universe should include a new dynamical mass-geometry balancing constant Kmr = M / r2, with the consequence that universe mass is producing proportional to r2. In fact, &#923; is the composition of the three fundamental universe constants: the Newton&#8217; s gravitational constant G, the Einstein&#8217; s speed of light constant c and the dynamic mass-geometry balancing constant Kmr. Therefore, the cosmological constant &#923; has a fundamental role in the control of the universe dynamics. Starting with a line element of the universe as a function of K&#923; , the related generalized energy equation, velocity equation, scalar potential and acceleration equation of the universe motion have been derived as the functions of K&#923; , r and k, where k is energy conservation constant. Thus, the dark energy, presented by the cosmological constant Lambda, has its physical source in a scalar field determined by the mentioned scalar potential. This field is strongly coupled with the universe mass M and radius r on the way that their balancing changing protects K&#923; to be a constant. If this approach to the solution of the dark energy problem is correct, then the universe is expanding from the initial radius r0 > 0 to the maximal radius rmax < 2 / K&#923; and is contracting in opposite direction. This is the unique solution of the universe motion. The presented model of the universe motion supports the well known Big Bang theory of the universe evolution, but (what is very important) it solves the initial singularity problem, dark energy problem and tells us what the ultimate fate of the universe really is. Finally, if &#923; is a constant, then the universe mass and radius are limited.

Dark Energy; Vacuum Energy; Cosmological Constant; Einstein Field Equation; Dynamics of the Universe Motion.

CHAOS - Centre for Hyperincursion and Anticipation in Ordered Systems ; Cjeloviti rad biti će tiskan 2008. g. u časopisu Casys : International Journal of Computing Anticipatory Systems, ili u AIP Conference Proceedings ; American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings