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Benefits and disandvantages of impedance-ratio measuring method in new generation of apex-locators

Problems with single frequency apex-locators occurred due to the presence of electrolytes in the canal. Thus, new generation of locators has been introduced – impedance is now measured on two frequencies and the position of apical constriction is calculated from corresponding impedance ratio. The aim of this paper is to examine properties of the impedance-ratio method and to compare it with single frequency measurements. Experiment was carried out in-vitro. Exact position of apical foramen on each tooth was measured with microscope. Then the teeth were placed in a freshly mixed alginate, commonly used in such measurements. Impedances were measured on frequencies commonly used by apex-locators, and with Kerr file positioned at apical foramen at several positions above and under it (in steps of 0.25 mm). Measurements were performed in dry canal and in canal filled with electrolytes usually used in endodontic treatment.

root canal length; electronic apex locator; impedance-ratio measuring method

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